Tanzania has closed the Nduta refugee camp in the country’s west, marking a significant step in regional efforts to repatriate Burundian refugees, while drawing increased international scrutiny over return conditions.
Authorities confirmed the camp ceased operations after its final residents departed, as part of a bilateral agreement with Burundi to repatriate around 100,000 refugees by mid-2026.
The move represents one of the largest ongoing repatriation efforts in East Africa and aligns with Tanzania’s policy of reducing its refugee population.
Next phase targets Nyarugusu
Focus is now shifting to Nyarugusu camp, where authorities aim to close the Burundian section by the end of June.
As one of the region’s largest camps, the accelerated timeline has raised concerns over pressure on vulnerable populations.
The process is coordinated under a tripartite framework involving Tanzania, Burundi, and UNHCR.
UN raises concerns
UNHCR insists returns must be voluntary, safe, and dignified, but has expressed concern over reports of pressure on refugees to leave.
Human rights groups cite alleged measures such as shelter demolitions, reduced aid, and intimidation, potentially undermining voluntary return standards.
Non-refoulement debate
The situation has revived concerns over non-refoulement, which prohibits returning individuals to places where they face harm.
Despite relative improvements in Burundi, significant risks remain for returnees.
Reintegration challenges
Returnees face difficulties accessing housing, healthcare, education, and livelihoods, while local infrastructure remains under strain.
Camp closures may also impact local economies in western Tanzania that depend on humanitarian operations.
International monitoring
The process is being closely monitored by international organizations and media, with growing calls to ensure compliance with humanitarian and legal standards.
